A Realidade Virtual como tecnologia assistiva durante a fisioterapia em pacientes adultos com distúrbios neurológicos na UTI

Abstract

Prolonged immobility in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) can lead to motor and functional complications, compromising their independence and quality of life. In this context, virtual reality (VR) has been studied as an assistive technology capable of complementing conventional physiotherapy, providing sensory and motor stimuli that favor rehabilitation. This study aims to investigate the benefits of VR in the physiotherapy of critically ill neurological patients in the ICU, analyzing its influence on functional recovery, treatment adherence, and overall well-being. In addition, it seeks to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this technology and propose a protocol for its implementation in hospital practice. The literature review demonstrated that VR offers significant advantages for motor and cognitive rehabilitation, promoting greater patient engagement and stimulating neuroplasticity. Studies indicate that the use of interactive devices, such as Kinect for Xbox®, Nintendo Wii®, and PlayStation Move®, can improve upper limb motor function, balance, and postural control. Furthermore, VR has proven effective in reducing stress and pain, making the rehabilitation process more dynamic and motivating. Despite the benefits, there are challenges to overcome, such as the standardization of protocols, the definition of indication and contraindication criteria, and the need for training healthcare professionals. VR presents itself as a promising therapeutic resource in hospital physiotherapy, especially for critically ill neurological patients in the ICU. Its application can enhance functional recovery, improve the patient experience, and offer an innovative alternative to conventional therapies. However, to expand its use in clinical practice, more studies are needed to validate its efficacy and safety, as well as the development of specific guidelines for its application in intensive care units.